This comprehensive guide, A Tale of Valour Questions Answers English Class 8 CBSE, offers complete solutions to the chapter A Tale of Valour: Major Somnath Sharma and the Battle of Badgam from Unit 2 – Values and Dispositions of the Class 8 Poorvi English textbook. Aligned with the latest CBSE Class 8 English Syllabus (2025–26), this resource includes:
- All NCERT textbook exercises with answers
- Chapter summary for quick revision
- Word meanings and vocabulary support
- Extra important questions with answers
Perfect for exam preparation, classroom learning, and self-study, this article is designed to support students, teachers, and parents alike. It blends curriculum-based learning with deeper understanding to help students grasp both the values and the bravery showcased in the story of Major Somnath Sharma.
1. What do you think about the Republic Day Parade on 26 January?
→ The Republic Day Parade is a grand celebration of India’s unity, culture, and military strength. It fills me with pride and respect for our country and armed forces.
2. What are the highlights of this parade?
→ The highlights include the display of tanks, missiles, and aircraft, cultural tableaux from different states, school children’s performances, and the bravery award ceremony.
3. What bravery awards are given on this day, and who receives them?
→ Awards like the Param Vir Chakra, Ashoka Chakra, and Vir Chakra are given to soldiers for their courage. The National Bravery Awards are also given to children who show great bravery.
POORVI: Textbook of English for Grade 8 NCERT Solution 2025-2026:
II. Work in groups of four and discuss. (Page 49)
1. What qualities do you think a soldier should have?
→ A soldier should be brave, disciplined, patriotic, honest, mentally strong, and physically fit. They should also be selfless and loyal to their country.
2. If you had to share a message with a soldier, what would it be?
→ “Thank you for protecting us. Your courage and sacrifice inspire us every day. We are proud of you!”
Summary: A Tale of Valour – Major Somnath Sharma
Major Somnath Sharma was the first soldier to receive the Param Vir Chakra, India’s highest military honour. He bravely led 90 Indian soldiers in the Battle of Badgam during the 1947–48 war with Pakistan, just after India gained independence.
Even though his left hand was injured, he joined his men to protect Srinagar airport from 500 enemy infiltrators. He knew how important this mission was to save Kashmir for India. He and his team were greatly outnumbered, but he showed great courage by fighting till the last breath.
Major Sharma refused to retreat and said, “I shall not withdraw an inch but will fight to the last man and the last round.” He died in the battle, but his actions delayed the enemy and gave time for Indian reinforcements to arrive. This helped save Srinagar and Kashmir.
He was born in 1923 in Himachal Pradesh in a family with a military background. From a young age, he was brave and dedicated. He served in World War II before this war and was known for his discipline and love for the country.
Today, Major Somnath Sharma is remembered as a true hero. His bravery reminds us of the sacrifices made for India’s freedom. His name is proudly written at the National War Memorial, and his story will continue to inspire future generations.
Word Notes:
Page 50
Valiant: Brave: वीर
Recipient: Awardee: प्राप्तकर्ता
Etched: Engraved: उकेरा गया
Annals: Records: इतिहास
Beacon: Guiding light: प्रकाशस्तंभ
Patriotism: Love for country: देशभक्ति
Valour: Courage: वीरता
Legacy: Heritage: विरासत
Devotion: Dedication: समर्पण
Majestic: Grand: भव्य
Heroism: Bravery: वीरता
Page 51
Sacrifice: Offering life: बलिदान
Integrity: Unity: अखंडता
Echoes: Repeated sounds: गूंज
Guerrilla: Irregular fighter: छापामार
Foil: Prevent: विफल करना
Infiltrators: Invaders: घुसपैठिए
Annex: Capture: अधिग्रहण करना
Violation: Breach: उल्लंघन
Committed: Promised: वचनबद्ध
Strategic: Important: सामरिक
Terrain: Land area: भूभाग
Page 52
Engineer: Plan: योजना बनाना
Overthrow: Remove from power: सत्ता से हटाना
Revolt: Rebellion: विद्रोह
Contingent: Group of soldiers: टुकड़ी
Airlifted: Transported by air: हवाई मार्ग से पहुंचाया गया
Insisted: Demanded firmly: जोर देना
Combat: Battle: युद्ध
Unfounded: False: निराधार
Altitude: Height: ऊंचाई
Retain: Keep: बनाए रखना
Patrol: Guarding activity: गश्त
Emerging: Rising: उभरता हुआ
Detection: Discovery: पहचान
Eerily: Strangely: अजीब तरह से
Assess: Evaluate: मूल्यांकन करना
Page 53
Resistance: Defense: प्रतिरोध
Visualised: Understood mentally: कल्पना की
Distraction: Diversion: ध्यान भटकाना
Reinforcements: Support troops: अतिरिक्त सैनिक
Panels: Boards or markers: संकेत बोर्ड
Target: Aim: लक्ष्य
Tenacity: Determination: दृढ़ता
Unparalleled: Unique: बेजोड़
Fearlessly: Bravely: निडरता से
Encouraging: Motivating: प्रोत्साहित करना
Page 54
Ammunition: Bullets and explosives: गोला-बारूद
Devastating: Destructive: विनाशकारी
Withdraw: Pull back: पीछे हटना
Trench: Ditch for protection: खाई
Overwhelming: Excessive: भारी
Casualties: Deaths/injuries: हताहत
Demotivated: Discouraged: हतोत्साहित
Supremacy: Dominance: प्रभुत्व
Posthumously: After death: मरणोपरांत
Citation: Official statement: प्रशस्ति पत्र
Page 56
Delved: Explored: खोजबीन की
Ultimate: Final: अंतिम
Picturesque: Beautiful: मनोहारी
Legacy: Tradition: विरासत
Valorous: Brave: वीर
Imparted: Given: सिखाया
Testament: Proof: प्रमाण
Rigorous: Strict: कठोर
Commissioned: Appointed: नियुक्त
Distinction: Honour: विशिष्टता
Campaign: Mission: अभियान
Forged: Created: निर्मित किया
Embodied: Represented: दर्शाया
Page 58
Quiet: Silence: शांति
Echoes: Reverberations: गूंज
Beacon: Light of guidance: प्रेरणा स्रोत
Poignant: Touching: मार्मिक
Enduring: Lasting: स्थायी
Selflessness: Sacrifice for others: निःस्वार्थता
Etched: Carved: अंकित
Honour: Respect: सम्मान
Memorial: Monument: स्मारक
Textual Questions Answers
Let us discuss (Page 59)
I Arrange the following events in chronological order. The first and the last events have been marked for you. Share your answers with your classmates and teacher.
Ans:
1. Major Somnath Sharma was born in 1923 in Kangra, Himachal Pradesh. (1)
2. Even after losing Major Somnath Sharma, the soldiers fought bravely to save Srinagar for India. (7)
3. The D Company, under the command of Major Somnath Sharma, was flown into Srinagar. (4)
4. Major Somnath Sharma underwent training at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst. (2)
5. Major Somnath Sharma requested air strikes to combat the enemy at Badgam. (5)
6. Major Somnath Sharma was commissioned into the 19th Hyderabad Regiment in 1942. (3)
7. Major Somnath Sharma was killed immediately after a mortar shell hit him. (6)
8. Major Somnath Sharma was the first recipient of the Param Vir Chakra. (8)
Let us think and reflect (Page 59)
I Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. (Page 59)
1. Vastly outnumbered and facing devastating fire, Major Somnath Sharma and his men stood resolute. The air was thick with the sound of gunfire and the cries of battle, but Major Somnath Sharma’s voice cut through the chaos, urging his men to fight with tenacity and valour.Despite heavy casualties and his own injuries, Major Somnath Sharma displayed unparalleled bravery. He moved fearlessly through the battlefield, directing fire, filling magazines for his gunners, and encouraging his men to hold their ground.
(i) What can be inferred about the conditions from the line: ‘The air was thick with gunfire…’
A. The gunshots had stopped for a while.
B. There was intense fighting on the battlefield.
C. The invaders were retreating from the fight.
D. The Indian soldiers had achieved victory.
Answer: B. There was intense fighting on the battlefield.
(ii) Complete the sentence with a suitable reason.
Despite heavy casualties, Major Somnath Sharma continued to lead his men because ________.
Answer: he was deeply committed to his duty and wanted to inspire his soldiers with courage and determination.
(iii) Select the correct option for both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) given below:
(A): Major Somnath Sharma moved fearlessly through the battlefield, even though he was injured.
(R): He believed his courage was important to motivate the soldiers.
A. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B. Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C. (A) is true, but (R) is false.
D. (A) is false, but (R) is true.
Answer: A. Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(iv) Fill in the blank with the correct word from those given in the brackets:
Major Somnath Sharma was filling magazines, and encouraging his men to hold their ground despite ______. (injuries/worry)
Answer: injuries.
II. Read the given extracts and answer the questions that follow. (Page 60,61)
2. Born on 31 January 1923, in the picturesque town of Dadh in Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, Somnath Sharma belonged to a family with a rich military legacy. His father, Major General Amar Nath Sharma, had served the nation with distinction, and young Somnath was deeply inspired by the valorous tales of the Mahabharata, imparted to him by his grandfather.
(i) What can be inferred about Somnath Sharma’s early influences on his career?
A. He was primarily influenced by his father’s achievements in the military.
B. His inspiration came solely from the tales of the Mahabharata.
C. His family and heritage inspired his bravery and sense of duty.
D. He decided to join the military out of necessity rather than passion.
Answer: C. His family and heritage inspired his bravery and sense of duty.
(ii) Identify whether the following statement is true or false:
Somnath Sharma belonged to a wealthy family.
Answer: False
(iii) What does the phrase ‘served the nation with distinction’ tell us about Major General Amar Nath Sharma?
(He performed his duties with exceptional dedication, honour, and excellence./He was highly respected for his contributions to the country.)
Answer: He performed his duties with exceptional dedication, honour, and excellence.
Or
He was highly respected for his contributions to the country.
(iv) Replace the underlined phrase with a word from the extract that has a similar meaning.
My family and I visited a popular hill station and stayed in an old but “visually charming” house surrounded by trees.
Answer: picturesque
II Answer the following questions. [Page 61]
1. ‘Major Somnath’s legacy of courage and devotion to the nation remains forever alive, forever alive…’ What is the significance of the repetition in this line?
Answer: The repetition “forever alive, forever alive…” emphasizes the lasting impact of Major Somnath’s bravery. It shows that his memory and sacrifice continue to inspire generations. His story is recalled “at every intersection of patriotism”—in songs, stories, and memorials—honouring his courage and reminding us of the price paid for freedom.
2. Why do you think Major Somnath’s leadership was critical during the Battle of Badgam?
Answer: Major Somnath’s leadership was critical because he correctly visualised enemy tactics, requested air strikes, and led 90 men to hold off 500 invaders. Even with a plastered hand, he joined combat, directed fire, filled magazines, and motivated his men. His actions saved Srinagar for India and delayed the enemy till reinforcements arrived.
3. What were Major Somnath’s last words? What do they reflect about his sense of duty?
Answer:
His last words were:
“The enemy is only 50 yards from us… I shall not withdraw an inch but will fight to the last man and the last round.”
These words show his unwavering courage, patriotism, and commitment to duty, even in the face of devastating fire and certain death.
4. What might have been the outcome of the Battle of Badgam if Major Somnath and his company had not held their ground?
Answer: If D Company hadn’t held their ground, the infiltrators would have captured Srinagar and the Kashmir Valley, dealing a severe blow to newly-independent India. Their resistance allowed time for reinforcements, and “in many significant ways… saved Srinagar for India.” The failure to defend the airfield could have changed the course of the war.
5. Why do you think Major Somnath’s story continues to inspire soldiers and civilians today?
Answer: Major Somnath’s story reflects unmatched bravery, leadership, and self-sacrifice. At just 24, he died fighting 500 infiltrators with only 90 men. His story is “a beacon of courage and sacrifice” and a “poignant reminder of the price of freedom”. His name on the National War Memorial ensures his legacy will guide generations.
6. How can the values demonstrated by Major Somnath Sharma— courage, duty, and self-sacrifice—be applied in our daily lives?
Answer: His values teach us to act with courage in challenges, fulfil duties with sincerity, and put others before ourselves when needed. Like him, we can show integrity, discipline, and commitment in school, work, or community. His life reminds us to stand firm for what is right, even when the odds are against us.
Let us learn (Page 62)
I Match the expressions from the text in Column 1 with the most suitable situations given in Column 2.
Answer:
| Column 1 (Expressions) | Column 2 (Situations) |
| 1. Fight to the last man | (ii) The soldiers fought valiantly until each one laid down his life for the nation. |
| 2. Foil the plan | (iv) A spy disrupts the enemy’s efforts to invade a country by intercepting their communications. |
| 3. Deliver a blow | (i) A sports team scores a last-minute goal, giving them the lead and shaking the opponent’s confidence. |
| 4. Hold their ground | (iii) Soldiers stay in their position and fight back, even though the enemy is stronger. |
Now, complete the sentences using expressions from Column 1:
Answer:
A. The detective managed to foil the plan by finding the hidden evidence before the culprit could get rid of it.
B. The company’s new advertising campaign was meant to deliver a blow to their competitors’ sales.
C. The hikers chose to hold their ground despite the heavy rain, refusing to turn back on their journey.
D. Despite being heavily outnumbered, the soldiers vowed to defend their homeland and fight to the last man, refusing to surrender to the enemy forces.
II Read the highlighted words in the following sentence from the text. (Page 62)
A contingent of troops posted to Jammu and Kashmir was air-lifted into Srinagar… There are many such collective nouns used in the context of armed forces. Match the collective nouns in Column 1 to their meanings in Column 2. You may refer to a dictionary.
Answer:
Matching: Collective Nouns and Their Meanings
| Column 1 | Column 2 |
| 1. Regiment | (ii) a permanent unit of an army typically commanded by a lieutenant colonel/colonel and divided into several companies |
| 2. Squadron | (iii) a small unit, typically comprising 12–24 aircrafts and their crews used in air force, naval, or army aviation services |
| 3. Fleet | (iv) a group of ships sailing together, engaged in the same activity, or under the same ownership |
| 4. Battalion | (i) a large body of troops ready for battle, especially an infantry unit |
Now, fill in the blanks:
Answer:
A. The commanding officer addressed the entire battalion of soldiers during the morning assembly.
B. The admiral ordered the entire fleet to set sail for battle.
C. The regiment of infantry advanced slowly through the dense forest.
D. A squadron of fighter jets was sent to intercept the enemy planes.
III Read the following words from the text and fill in the blanks with the correct words by taking clues from the meanings given below in the box. (Page 64)
| overwhelm overthrow overrun |
Fill in the blanks:
Answer:
- To take and seize control: overthrow
- To invade or occupy an area in large numbers: overrun
- To flood or overpower someone or something emotionally: overwhelm
Now, create a list of at least five other verbs that begin with ‘over’ and frame sentences of your own.
Answer:
- Overreact – Don’t overreact to small mistakes; stay calm and solve them.
- Overestimate – We often overestimate our abilities and take on too much work.
- Overlook – The teacher overlooked the spelling mistake in my essay.
- Overcome – She managed to overcome her fear of public speaking.
- Overwork – If you overwork yourself, you may feel exhausted and stressed.
IV In the following pairs of words, ‘c’ is used for nouns, while ‘s’ is used for verbs. (Page 64)
• advice (noun) and advise (verb)
• practice (noun) and practise (verb)
• device (noun) and devise (verb)
• council (noun) and counsel (verb)
Answer:
1. The teacher’s (i) advice is always helpful, and she continues to
(ii) advise students on their career choices.
→ (advice = noun, advise = verb)
2. The musician believes that daily (i) practice helps a lot, so she is always ready to
(ii) practise her harmonium lessons.
→ (practice = noun, practise = verb)
3. The scientist uses a strange (i) device for experiments and plans to
(ii) devise new methods for his analysis.
→ (device = noun, devise = verb)
4. The village (i) council met to discuss issues and decided to
(ii) counsel the villagers on important matters.
→ (council = noun, counsel = verb)
V Read the highlighted words in the following sentences from the text. (Page 65)
…ended with echoes of courage that serve as an inspiration…
A contingent of troops posted to Jammu and Kashmir was airlifted into Srinagar…
D Company with 90 soldiers was the last and they were expected to return by 2:00 p.m.
The life and sacrifice of Major Somnath Sharma embody the highest ideals of duty, honour, and patriotism.
The highlighted words are either singular verbs or plural verbs. They are in agreement with the subject of the sentence. This is called Subject-Verb Agreement.
Now, fill in the blanks for the following sentences by choosing the correct verb given within brackets.
Answers:
- The bouquet of flowers is beautiful. (“Bouquet” is singular.)
- Neither the teacher nor the students were aware of the change in the schedule. (Verb agrees with the nearer subject “students”, which is plural.)
- Each of the participants has submitted their projects on time. (“Each” is always singular.)
- The data collected by the researchers shows significant trends. (In formal usage, “data” is treated as singular here.)
- One of the players was injured during the match. (“One” is singular.)
- Either the children or their guardian has to attend the meeting. (Verb agrees with the nearer subject “guardian”, which is singular.)
- A pair of shoes is missing from the rack. (“A pair” is treated as singular.)
- Neither of the statements is true. (“Neither” is singular.)
- The members of the jury have delivered their verdict to the court. (“Members” is plural.)
- Mathematics is an interesting subject for many students.(Subjects like “Mathematics” are always singular.)
VI Read the following passage and correct the incorrect usage of verbs. One example has been done for you. (Page 65)
A battalion of soldiers stand at attention as the National flag are raised. A battalion of soldiers stands at attention as the National flag is raised. Each soldier salute with pride while the commander and his assistants inspects the parade. The sound of marching feet echo through the air as a group of cadets prepare for their drill. Meanwhile, a convoy of military vehicles pass by, drawing cheers from the gathered crowd.
Answers:
Corrections made:
| Incorrect Verb | Correct Verb | Reason |
| stand | stands | ‘A battalion’ is singular. |
| are | is | ‘Flag’ is singular. |
| salute | salutes | ‘Each soldier’ is singular. |
| inspects | inspect | Plural subject: ‘commander and his assistants’. |
| echo | echoes | ‘Sound’ is singular. |
| prepare | prepares | ‘Group’ is singular. |
| pass | passes | ‘Convoy’ is singular. |
Let us listen (Page 66)
I You will listen to a talk about the Param Vir Chakra. As you listen, complete the sentences by filling in the blanks with one or two exact words or phrases you hear. (Transcript for teacher on page 98)
Answers:
Here are the correctly completed sentences based on the listening passage:
- The Param Vir Chakra signifies the ‘Wheel of the Ultimate Brave’.
- The Param Vir Chakra is awarded to someone who shows exemplary bravery while fighting with the enemy.
- The Param Vir Chakra was introduced as a Gallantry Medal in 1947 by the President of India.
- The design of the Param Vir Chakra is inspired by Sage Dadhichi, who was a Vedic rishi.
- The state emblem in the centre of the Param Vir Chakra is surrounded by the Vajra and lotus flowers.
Let us speak (page 66)
I As the citizens of a nation, we all must fulfil our duty. In groups of 4–5, speak about how you propose to serve your nation.
Answers:
Do it yourself
Sample Answers:
Here is a model group discussion using the sentence prompts and the themes provided, ideal for a group of 4–5 students speaking together on “Serving the Nation” through different values like Saving the Environment, Health and Well-being, Helping Others, and Righteous Conduct.
Group Speech: Let Us Speak – How We Can Serve Our Nation
Answer:
Speaker 1 – (Saving the Environment):
I believe one of the best ways to serve the nation is by saving the environment. Every citizen should take responsibility for reducing pollution. A small change we can make is using cloth bags instead of plastic ones, and it will have a big impact because plastic causes long-term damage to our land and water bodies.
Speaker 2 – (Health and Well-being):
I believe promoting health and well-being is essential for a strong nation. A small change we can make is spreading awareness about hygiene and healthy eating habits. It will have a big impact because a healthy population leads to a more productive country. If everyone contributes by taking care of their health and motivating others, it can lead to a disease-free and active society.
Speaker 3 – (Helping Others):
I believe one of the best ways to serve the nation is by helping others in need. If everyone contributes by sharing time, knowledge, or resources, it can lead to a more caring and united community. One of the biggest challenges we face is the growing gap between the rich and the poor, and I propose we address it by encouraging voluntary work and donations.
Speaker 4 – (Righteous Conduct):
Serving the nation is also about righteous conduct. Even small efforts like being honest, respecting laws, and treating everyone equally matter. One of the biggest challenges we face is corruption, and I propose we address it by encouraging moral values in schools and homes.
Speaker 5 – (Conclusion – Teamwork):
We can make a difference by working together as a team, if we encourage each other and lead by example. Serving the nation is not just about big actions; even small efforts like saving water, helping a friend, or standing up for what is right, show our love for the country.
Let us write (Page 67)
I A letter of enquiry is a formal letter written to seek detailed information about something the writer wants to know. For example, it can be used for joining a course, organising an event, knowing details about a trip, etc. The language used is formal and specific, with relevant queries.
Now, write a letter of enquiry. Your school wishes to organise a visit to a Memorial in your state/region.
Write the letter to the incharge of that memorial requesting for information regarding available dates for visits, the duration of the tour, any entry fees, and guidelines for student groups.
- Follow the given layout.
- Use the cues given below to draft the letter.
Let us explore (Page 68)
I Out of twenty-one PVC awardees, Major Somnath Sharma was the first recipient of the PVC, and Captain Vikram Batra was the last recipient of the PVC, the highest gallantry award.Captain Vikram Batra, is popularly remembered as the “Shershah of Kargil”. His iconic success signal was ‘Yeh Dil Mange More’. Captain Vikram Batra, the D Company commander was tasked to capture Point 5140 on 20 June 1999, which he did with exemplary courage. After Point 5140 was captured, 13 JAK RIF was tasked to capture Point 4875. On 07 July 1999, Captain Batra led the assault from the front and engaged in a physical fight with the enemy.He killed five enemy soldiers at point blank range and himself sustained serious injuries. Despite his injuries, his dauntless determination inspired his men to clear the enemy He killed five enemy from a dominating position. Later, he succumbed to his injuries. His fearless determination and leadership encouraged his company men to avenge his death and finally captured Point 4875. His inspiring leadership, dedication to duty, and steadfast love for his country continue to be an inspiration for the younger generation. He attended the call of duty with absolute disregard for his personal safety. He was awarded the Param Vir Chakra, (Posthumously).
Answer the following Questions
1. What can be inferred about Captain Batra’s leadership during the mission?
A. He chose to retreat in the face of danger.
B. He delegated the assault to junior officers.
C. He led the assault from the front with courage.
D. He avoided direct engagement with the enemy.
Answer: C
2. Captain Vikram Batra was remembered as “Shershah of Kargil” because ______________________________.
Answer: of his fearless leadership and bravery during the Kargil War.
3. Assertion (A): Captain Batra inspired his team even after being seriously injured.
Reason (R): He believed that leadership meant staying safe to protect others.
A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true, but R is false.
D. A is false, but R is true.
Answer: C
4. Vikram Batra’s __________ determination encouraged his men to capture Point 4875.
Answer: dauntless
5. Captain Vikram Batra captured Point 4875 without suffering any injuries.
Answer: False
6. What does the phrase “succumbed to his injuries” mean in the context of the passage?
Answer: He died due to the wounds he sustained in battle.
7. Match the names with their contributions or recognitions:
| Person | Recognition/Contribution |
| a. Captain Vikram Batra | i. First recipient of the PVC |
| b. Major Somnath Sharma | ii. Captured Point 5140 and Point 4875 |
Correct Matching:
a – ii, b – i
8. What was Captain Batra’s iconic success signal after capturing Point 5140?
Answer: “Yeh Dil Mange More”
9. When did Captain Batra lead the assault on Point 5140?
A. 15 August 1947
B. 20 June 1999
C. 07 July 1999
D. 26 January 2001
Answer: B
10. Replace the underlined phrase with a word from the passage:
“My uncle showed fearless determination when he stood up against injustice.”
Answer: dauntless
II Gallantry awards in India are given to military personnel and others for displaying extraordinary courage in the line of duty. Some of the gallantry awards in India are:
• Param Vir Chakra: The highest military award in India, awarded for the most conspicuous bravery in the presence of the enemy.
• Maha Vir Chakra: The second-highest military award in India, awarded for acts of gallantry in the presence of the enemy.
• Vir Chakra: Awarded for acts of gallantry in the presence of the enemy.
Find out more about gallantry awards.
Answers:
Other gallantry awards in India include:
• Ashoka Chakra – Awarded for valor, courageous action or self-sacrifice away from the battlefield.
• Kirti Chakra – The second-highest peacetime gallantry award.
• Shaurya Chakra – The third-highest peacetime gallantry award.
Now answers the following questions from the above passage:
A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
1. Which is the highest military gallantry award in India?
Ⓐ Maha Vir Chakra
Ⓑ Param Vir Chakra
Ⓒ Vir Chakra
Ⓓ Ashok Chakra
Answer: Ⓑ Param Vir Chakra
2. The Maha Vir Chakra is awarded for:
Ⓐ Bravery in civil life
Ⓑ Distinguished service
Ⓒ Gallantry in the presence of the enemy
Ⓓ Humanitarian work
Answer: Ⓒ Gallantry in the presence of the enemy
3. Which gallantry award is lower in order than the Maha Vir Chakra but still awarded for acts of bravery?
Ⓐ Param Vir Chakra
Ⓑ Ashok Chakra
Ⓒ Vir Chakra
Ⓓ Bharat Ratna
Answer: Ⓒ Vir Chakra
4. Assertion (A): The Param Vir Chakra is awarded for bravery in the presence of the enemy.
Reason (R): It is the second-highest military award in India.
Ⓐ Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Ⓑ Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Ⓒ A is true, but R is false.
Ⓓ A is false, but R is true.
Answer: Ⓒ A is true, but R is false.
5.Assertion (A): Vir Chakra is the lowest among the three mentioned military awards.
Reason (R): It is awarded for acts of gallantry in civil services.
Ⓐ Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Ⓑ Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Ⓒ A is true, but R is false.
Ⓓ A is false, but R is true.
Answer: Ⓒ A is true, but R is false.
6. Match the gallantry awards with their rank/description:
| Column A (Award) | Column B (Description) |
| (a) Param Vir Chakra | (i) Acts of gallantry in the presence of enemy |
| (b) Maha Vir Chakra | (ii) Most conspicuous bravery in enemy presence |
| (c) Vir Chakra | (iii) Second-highest military award |
Options:
Ⓐ (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i)
Ⓑ (a)-(iii), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i)
Ⓒ (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iii)
Ⓓ (a)-(i), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii)
Answer: Ⓐ (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i)
7. Param Vir Chakra is awarded for bravery in the civil domain.
Ⓐ True
Ⓑ False
Answer: Ⓑ False
8. All three awards mentioned are related to acts performed in the presence of the enemy.
Ⓐ True
Ⓑ False
Answer: Ⓐ True
Comprehension Topic: Gallantry Awards in India
Q1. Which is the highest military gallantry award in India?
Ⓐ Ashok Chakra
Ⓑ Maha Vir Chakra
Ⓒ Param Vir Chakra
Ⓓ Vir Chakra
Answer: Ⓒ Param Vir Chakra
Q2. Who receives gallantry awards?
Ⓐ Only sportspersons
Ⓑ Only government officers
Ⓒ Military personnel and civilians showing extraordinary courage
Ⓓ Only political leaders
Answer: Ⓒ Military personnel and civilians showing extraordinary courage
Q3. Which award is given for gallantry during peacetime?
Ⓐ Maha Vir Chakra
Ⓑ Param Vir Chakra
Ⓒ Ashok Chakra
Ⓓ Vir Chakra
Answer: Ⓒ Ashok Chakra
Q4. When is the Param Vir Chakra usually awarded?
Ⓐ On Children’s Day
Ⓑ On Independence Day
Ⓒ On Republic Day
Ⓓ On Army Day
Answer: Ⓒ On Republic Day
Assertion and Reason
Q5.Assertion (A): Gallantry awards are given only after the death of a soldier.
Reason (R): These awards are only for posthumous recognition.
Ⓐ Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Ⓑ Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Ⓒ A is true, but R is false.
Ⓓ A is false, but R is true.
Answer: Ⓓ A is false, but R is true.
(Explanation: Awards can be given to both living and deceased soldiers.)
Q6. Assertion (A): The Ashok Chakra is awarded for bravery during peace.
Reason (R): Ashok Chakra is the highest peacetime gallantry award in India.
Ⓐ Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Ⓑ Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Ⓒ A is true, but R is false.
Ⓓ A is false, but R is true.
Answer: Ⓐ Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q7. Match the gallantry award with its description:
| Column A | Column B |
| (a) Param Vir Chakra | (i) Gallantry in presence of enemy (highest) |
| (b) Maha Vir Chakra | (ii) Gallantry during peacetime (highest) |
| (c) Ashok Chakra | (iii) Second-highest wartime gallantry award |
| (d) Vir Chakra | (iv) Gallantry in presence of enemy (third-highest) |
Options:
Ⓐ (a)-(i), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv)
Ⓑ (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
Ⓒ (a)-(iii), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
Ⓓ (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)
Answer: Ⓐ (a)-(i), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv)
III The Indian government has been steadfast in its initiatives to boost the representation of women in the Indian Armed Forces. These women have been serving the nation selflessly and with pride. Find out the key roles of women in the Indian Army. Share the information with your classmates and teacher.
Answers:
Roles of women in the Indian Army:
- Officers in combat support arms like Signals, Engineers, and Army Air Defence
- Pilots in the Army Aviation Corps
- Doctors, nurses, and medical staff in the Army Medical Corps
- Legal officers in the Judge Advocate General (JAG) branch
- Intelligence and administrative roles
- Participation in UN Peacekeeping missions
- Permanent Commission in several streams including Corps of Engineers, Army Education Corps, and Intelligence Corps
1. Which is the highest military gallantry award in India?
Ⓐ Maha Vir Chakra
Ⓑ Param Vir Chakra
Ⓒ Vir Chakra
Ⓓ Ashok Chakra
Answer: Ⓑ Param Vir Chakra
2. Gallantry awards are given to:
Ⓐ Sportsmen for achieving in sports
Ⓑ Civilians for attending parades
Ⓒ Military personnel for bravery
Ⓓ Politicians during elections
Answer: Ⓒ Military personnel for bravery
3. What is the main criterion for receiving the Maha Vir Chakra?
Ⓐ Long service
Ⓑ Gallantry in peacetime
Ⓒ Gallantry in the presence of the enemy
Ⓓ Humanitarian work
Answer: Ⓒ Gallantry in the presence of the enemy
4. Who is the first woman officer to receive the Sena Medal for gallantry?
Ⓐ Punita Arora
Ⓑ Priya Jhingan
Ⓒ Divya Ajith Kumar
Ⓓ Major Mitali Madhumita
Answer: Ⓓ Major Mitali Madhumita
Assertion (A): Gallantry awards are only given during wartime.
Reason (R): Only wars require acts of bravery.
Ⓐ Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation.
Ⓑ Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation.
Ⓒ A is true, but R is false.
Ⓓ A is false, but R is true.
Answer: Ⓓ A is false, but R is true.
6. Mathing Column:
| Column A | Column B |
| (a) Param Vir Chakra | (i) Highest wartime gallantry award |
| (b) Maha Vir Chakra | (ii) Second-highest wartime gallantry award |
| (c) Vir Chakra | (iii) Third-highest wartime gallantry award |
| (d) Ashok Chakra | (iv) Highest peacetime gallantry award |
Options:
Ⓐ (a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(i)
Ⓑ (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
Ⓒ (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv)
Ⓓ (a)-(i), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv)
Answer: Ⓑ (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
7. The ______________ is the second-highest military gallantry award in India.
Answer: Maha Vir Chakra
8. ________________ is awarded for gallantry in the presence of the enemy and ranks third among wartime awards.
Answer: Vir Chakra
9. The Indian Armed Forces have included women in roles such as ________________, ________________, and ________________.
Answer: doctors, engineers, and pilots
10. True or False
Gallantry awards can only be given to soldiers in battlefields. False
Women can now serve as fighter pilots in the Indian Air Force. True
11. What is the significance of the Param Vir Chakra?
Answer: The Param Vir Chakra is the highest military gallantry award in India, given for showing the highest degree of bravery in the presence of the enemy.
12. Mention two key roles played by women in the Indian Armed Forces.
Answer: Women in the Indian Armed Forces serve as fighter pilots, doctors, engineers, and administrative officers.
IV Birsa Munda: A Saga of Courage and Sacrifice Birsa Munda, a revered tribal freedom fighter, spiritual leader, and folk hero, belonged to the Munda tribe. Celebrated as a valiant warrior and a charismatic figure, he emerged as a powerful symbol of tribal resistance against British colonial rule. Among the people of Jharkhand, he is affectionately known as Dharti Aaba—Father of the Land—and is honoured as a divine figure for his selfless dedication to his people. A commemorative stamp designed by Shri Sankha Samanta captures his powerful presence. It features Birsa Munda addressing his followers, with a determined expression that reflects his unwavering vision of tribal unity, empowerment, and self-governance. This stamp serves as a lasting tribute to his pivotal role in India’s freedom struggle and his relentless commitment to protecting tribal rights.
Read the text and Answer the following questions:
1. Birsa Munda belonged to which tribe?
Ⓐ Santhal
Ⓑ Gond
Ⓒ Munda
Ⓓ Bhil
Answer: Ⓒ Munda
2. What is Birsa Munda lovingly called by the people of Jharkhand?
Ⓐ Veer Aaba
Ⓑ Dharti Aaba
Ⓒ Desh Bhakt
Ⓓ Tribal Hero
Answer: Ⓑ Dharti Aaba
3. The commemorative stamp featuring Birsa Munda was designed by:
Ⓐ R.K. Laxman
Ⓑ M.F. Husain
Ⓒ Shri Sankha Samanta
Ⓓ Satyajit Ray
Answer: Ⓒ Shri Sankha Samanta
4. Birsa Munda is remembered mainly for:
Ⓐ Writing poetry
Ⓑ Leading tribal resistance against the British
Ⓒ Inventing a tribal script
Ⓓ Fighting World War I
Answer: Ⓑ Leading tribal resistance against the British
5. Assertion (A): Birsa Munda is honoured as a divine figure among tribal people.
Reason (R): He was a colonial officer who helped the British rule the tribes peacefully.
Choose the correct option:
Ⓐ Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
Ⓑ Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Ⓒ A is true, but R is false.
Ⓓ A is false, but R is true.
Answer: Ⓒ A is true, but R is false.
6. Fill in the Blanks
Birsa Munda is remembered as a symbol of tribal __________ against colonial rule.
Answer: resistance
The stamp showing Birsa Munda captures him addressing his __________.
Answer: followers
7. Match Column:
| Column A | Column B |
| (a) Birsa Munda | (i) Designed commemorative stamp |
| (b) Shri Sankha Samanta | (ii) Tribal resistance leader |
| (c) Dharti Aaba | (iii) Title given to Birsa Munda |
| (d) Munda Tribe | (iv) Birsa Munda’s community |
Match the correct pairs:
Ⓐ (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
Ⓑ (a)-(iii), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iv)
Ⓒ (a)-(iv), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iii), (d)-(i)
Ⓓ (a)-(i), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv)
Answer: Ⓐ (a)-(ii), (b)-(i), (c)-(iii), (d)-(iv)
8. True or False
(a) Birsa Munda is known for promoting British policies among the tribes.
Answer: False
(b) The commemorative stamp reflects Birsa Munda’s vision of tribal unity.
Answer: True
V Make a list of the patriotic songs in any language, including songs from your region. Share the songs with your classmates and teacher.
Answers:
A list of patriotic songs from various languages, including regional ones:
- Vande Mataram – Sanskrit/Bengali
- Jana Gana Mana – Sanskritized Bengali (National Anthem)
- Ae Mere Watan Ke Logon – Hindi
- Saare Jahan Se Achha – Urdu
- Maa Tujhe Salaam – Hindi
- Chhodo Kal Ki Baatein – Hindi
- Bharat Humko Jaan Se Pyara Hai – Hindi
- Desh Amar Priyo Desh – Bengali
- Amar Sonar Bangla – Bengali (Bangladesh National Anthem, also sung in West Bengal)
- Sundara Telungin Deshamunu – Telugu
- Jai Bharatha Jananiya Tanujate – Kannada
- Thamizha Thamizha – Tamil
- Vandemataram Enbom – Tamil
- Kar chale hum fida – Hindi
